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2025 Vol.35, Issue 6 Preview Page

Case Study

Technological Trends of Mining Unmanned Loading Equipment by Global Manufacturers and Implementation Cases in Korea

글로벌 주요 제조사의 광산용 무인 적재 장비 기술 동향 및 국내 도입 사례

Mingyeong Jang1
,
Yosoon Choi2*
장 민경1
,
최 요순2*
1Master’s Student, Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Pukyong National University
2Professor, Department of Energy Resources and Geosystems Engineering, Sejong University
1국립부경대학교 에너지자원공학과 석사과정
2세종대학교 에너지자원공학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2025. pp. 703-725
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Abstract

This study defines autonomous loading systems and unmanned loading equipment in mining and reviews development trends and applications by major global manufacturers. Representative unmanned loaders and excavators are compared, and their automation maturity is interpreted using the GMG Mining Automation Maturity Model. Most deployed systems rely on teleoperation supported by LiDAR, camera, and GPS sensing for real-time localization, obstacle detection and avoidance, and safety functions, with Wi-Fi based communication for control and data transmission. Current field systems are largely Level 1 to 2, while only a few prototypes approach Level 3. Korean mine cases confirm improved continuous operation, higher productivity, better safety, and reduced costs.

Keywords
Autonomous loading system
Unmanned loader
Unmanned excavator
Mining automation maturity
Mine autonomy

본 연구는 광산 무인화를 위한 자율적재시스템과 무인 적재 장비의 개념 및 기술 구조를 정립하고, 글로벌 주요 제조사의 개발 동향과 현장 적용 사례를 비교·분석하였다. 또한 GMG의 광산 자동화 성숙도 모델을 적용해 제조사별 시스템의 자동화 수준을 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 현재 무인 로더와 굴착기는 주로 원격 조종 기반으로 운용되며, LiDAR·카메라·GPS 센서 융합을 통한 실시간 위치 인식과 객체 탐지·장애물 회피·안전 기능, 그리고 Wi-Fi 등 무선 통신을 활용한 제어 및 데이터 송수신 체계를 공통적으로 포함한다. 자동화 성숙도는 대부분 Level 1–2 수준에 머무르며, 일부 시제품만 Level 3 단계에 근접하는 것으로 나타났다. 국내 광산 적용 사례에서는 공정 연속성 확보, 생산성 향상, 안전성 제고, 비용 절감의 효과가 확인되었다.

키워드
자율 적재 시스템
무인 로더
무인 굴삭기
광산 자동화 성숙도
광산 자율화
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국암반공학회
  • Journal Title :Tunnel and Underground Space
  • Journal Title(Ko) :터널과 지하공간
  • Volume : 35
  • No :6
  • Pages :703-725
  • Received Date : 2025-10-31
  • Revised Date : 2025-11-24
  • Accepted Date : 2025-11-24
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2025.35.6.703
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