All Issue

2018 Vol.28, Issue 1

Technical Note

Review of Technical Issues for Shield TBM Tunneling in Difficult Grounds

특수지반에서 쉴드TBM의 시공을 위한 기술적 고찰

Hoyoung Jeong1
,
Nan Zhang1
,
Seokwon Jeon1*
정 호영1
,
장 난1
,
전 석원1*
1Deptment of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University
1서울대학교 에너지시스템공학부
* 교신저자* Corresponding Author
1 February 2018. pp. 1-24
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

The use of TBM (tunnel boring machine) gradually increases in worldwide tunneling projects. TBM machine are often applied to more difficult and complex geological conditions in urban area, and many problems and difficulties have been reported due to these geological conditions. However, in Korea, there is a lack of research on difficult grounds so far. This paper discussed general aspects of investigation method, and problems of TBM tunneling in difficult grounds. Construction cases that passed through the difficult grounds in worldwide were analyzed and the typical difficult grounds were classified into 11 cases. For each case, the definition and general problems were summarized. Particularly, for mixed ground and boulder ground, and fault zone, which are frequent geological conditions in urban area with shallow depth, classification system, investigation methods and major considerations were discussed, and proposed the direction of future research. This paper is a basic study for the development of TBM construction technology in difficult ground, and it is expected that it will be useful for related research and construction of TBM in difficult ground in the future.

Keywords
TBM
Difficult grounds
Mixed grounds
Boulder condition
Fault zone
Classfication system

국내외 터널공사에서 TBM(Tunnel Boring Machine)의 적용사례가 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 TBM터널은 더 어렵고 복잡한 특수지반을 대상으로 시공되는 사례가 많으며, 복잡한 지질 조건에 기인한 시공상의 어려움이 꾸준히 보고되고 있는 실정이다. 국내에서는 아직까지 특수 지반의 효율적 통과에 대한 연구가 미진한 실정이다. 이 논문에서는 특수지반을 대상으로 하는 쉴드TBM 터널공사에서의 지반조사와 시공과 관련된 사항에 대하여 고찰하였다. 국내외 특수지반을 통과한 시공 사례를 분석하여 쉴드TBM 터널의 특수지반을 11개로 분류하였고, 각각의 특수지반의 개념과 일반적인 문제점들을 정리하였다. 특히 도심지 천층부에서 빈번하게 조우하는 복합지반, 호박돌층, 단층파쇄대의 분류 기법, 지반조사기법, 그리고 해당지반에서의 고려사항들을 논의하였고, 향후 연구방향에 대하여 제안하였다. 본 논문은 특수지반에서의 TBM 시공기술 발전을 위한 기초연구로써 향후 관련 연구와 특수지반에서의 TBM 시공에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

키워드
TBM
특수지반
복합지반
호박돌층
단층파쇄대
분류기법
References
1
Amoun, S., Sharifzadeh, M., Shahriar, K., Rostami, J., 2015, Soil abrasiveness for EPB-TBM along Tehran metro tunnel line 7, Iran, World Tunnelling Congress, ITA WTC, Dubrovnik, Croatia, May.
2
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 1988, Manual on Subsurface Investigations, Washington, D.C.
3
ASTM, 2011, Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) (D2487-11)
4
Barla, G., S. Pelizza, S., 2000, TBM tunnelling in difficult ground conditions, GeoEng2000 – An International Conference on Geotechnical $amp; Geological Engineering, Melbourne, Australia.
5
Barla, G., 2001, Tunnelling Under Squeezing Rock Conditions, Eurosummer-School in Tunnel Mechanics, Innsbruck, Logos Verlag, Berlin, 169-268.
6
Barton, N., 2000, TBM Tunnelling in Jointed and Faulted Rock, Rotterdam: Balkema.
7
Barton, N.R., Lien, R., Lunde, J., 1974, Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 6, 189-236.
10.1007/BF01239496
8
Barzegari, G., Uromeihy, A., Zhao, J., 2014, EPB tunneling challenges in bouldery ground: a new experience on the Tabriz metro line 1, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 73, 429-440.
10.1007/s10064-013-0490-7
9
Bayati, M., Hamidi, K.J., 2017, A case study on TBM tunnelling in fault zones and lessons learned from ground improvement, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 63, 162-170.
10.1016/j.tust.2016.12.006
10
Bieniawski, Z.T., 1976, Rock mass classifications in rock engineering. Proceedings Symposium on Exploration for Rock Engineering, Rotterdam, 97-106.
11
Bilgin, N., Algan, M., 2012, The performance of a TBM in a squeezing ground at Uluabat, Turkey, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 32, 58-65.
10.1016/j.tust.2012.05.004
12
Bilgin, N., Ates, U., 2016, Probe Drilling Ahead of Two TBMs in Difficult Ground Conditions in Turkey, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, Vol. 49, No. 7, 2763-2772.
10.1007/s00603-016-0937-9
13
Boone, S.J., Westland, J., Busbridge, J.R., Garrod, B., 1998, Prediction of Boulder Obstructions, In: Tunnels $amp; Metropolises, Proceedings of World Tunnelling Congress 1998, 817-822.
14
Broere, W., 2016, Urban underground space: Solving the problems of today’s cities, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 55, 4-17.
10.1016/j.tust.2015.11.012
15
Delisio, A., Zhao, J., 2014, A new model for TBM performance prediction in blocky rock conditions, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 43, 440-452.
10.1016/j.tust.2014.06.004
16
Delisio, A., Zhao, J., Einstein, H.H., 2013, Analysis and prediction of TBM performance in blocky rock conditions at the Lotschberg Base Tunnel, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 33, 131-142.
10.1016/j.tust.2012.06.015
17
Diponio M.A., Chapman D., Bournes C., 2007, EPB Tunnel Boring Machine Design for Boulder Conditions, In: Proceedings of 2007 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, Traylor M.T. $amp; Townsend J.W. (Eds), SME, Littleton, Colorado, R2007.20, 215-228.
18
Diponio, M.A., 2016, Personal communication.
19
Dong, A., Ma, G., Gong, Q.M., Zhao, J., 2006, Numerical simulation on rock cutter performance in mixed ground, Geoshanghai 2006, 199-204.
10.1061/40862(194)26
20
Fang, Y., Deng, R.Y., Walton, G., Wang, S.M., 2017, Performance of slurry TBM tunnelling in sandy cobble ground – A case study in Lanzhou, International Conference on Tunnel Boring Machines in Difficult Grounds (TBM DiGs 2017), Wuhan, China.
21
Filba, M., Salvany, J.M., Jubany, J., Carrasco, L., 2016, Tunnel boring machine collision with an ancient boulder beach during the excavation of the Barcelona city subway L10 line: A case of adverse geology and resulting engineering solutions, Engineering Geology, Vol. 200, 31-46.
10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.11.010
22
Gharahbagh, E.A., Rostami, J., Palomino, A.M., 2011, New soil abrasion testing method for soft ground tunneling applications, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 26, 604-613.
10.1016/j.tust.2011.04.003
23
Goss, C.M., 2002, Predicting Boulder Cutting in Soft Ground Tunneling, Proceedings of North American Tunneling 2002, Rotterdam: Balkema, 37-46.
24
Guglielmetti, V., Grasso, P., Mahtab, A., Xu, S., 2007, Mechanized Tunnelling in Urban Areas: Design methodology and construction control, Taylor $amp; Francis Group, London.
10.1201/9780203938515
25
Gong, Q. M., Yin, L. J., She, Q. R., 2013, TBM tunneling in marble rock masses with high in situ stress and large groundwater inflow: A case study in China. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, Vol. 72, No. 2, 163-172.
10.1007/s10064-013-0460-0
26
Gong, Q.M., Liu, Q.S., Zhang, Q.B., 2016, Tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in difficult grounds, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 57, 1-3.
10.1016/j.tust.2016.05.010
27
Habimana, J., Labiouse, V., Descoeudres, F., 2002, Geomechanical characterisation of cataclastic rocks: experience from the Cleuson-Dixence project, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 39, 677-693.
10.1016/S1365-1609(02)00042-4
28
Hamidi, J.K., Shahriar, K., Rezai, B., Rostami, J., 2010, Performance prediction of hard rok TBM using Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 25, No. 4, 333-345.
10.1016/j.tust.2010.01.008
29
Hassanpour, J., Rostami, J., Khamehchiyan, M., Bruland, A., 2009, Developing new equations for TBM performance prediction in carbonateargillaceous rocks: a case history of Nowsood Water conveyance tunnel, Geomechanics and Geoengineering, Vol. 4, No. 4, 287-297.
10.1080/17486020903174303
30
Hassanpour, J., Rostami, J., Khamehchiyan, M., Bruland, A., Tavakoli, H.R., 2010, TBM performance Analysis in Pyroclastic Rocks: A Case History of Karaj Water Conveyance Tunnel, Geomechanics and Geoengineering, Vol. 43, No. 4, 427-445.
10.1007/s00603-009-0060-2
31
Hassanpour, J., Rostami, J., Zhao, J., 2011, A new hard rock TBM performance prediction model for project planning, Vol. 25, No. 5, 595-603.
32
Heuer, R.E., 1974, Important parameters in soft ground tunneling, proceedings of specialty conference on subsurface exploration for underground excavation and heavy construction. ASCE, New York.
33
Hoek, E., Brown, E.T., 1998, Practical estimates of rock mass strength, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 34, 1165-1186.
10.1016/S1365-1609(97)80069-X
34
Hunt, S.W., 2002, Compensation for Boulder Obstructions. L. Ozdemir (ED), In: Proceedings of The North American Tunneling 2002, Ozdemer L., (Ed), Rotterdam: Balkema, 23-36.
35
Hunt, S.W., 2017, Tunneling in cobbles and boulders, Breakthroughs in Tunneling, Short Course, Colorado School of Mines, August 14-16, Chicago, USA.
36
Hunt, S.W., Del Nero, D.E., 2011, Tunneling in cobbles and boulders, Breakthroughs in Tunneling, Short Course, Colorado School of Mines, September 19-21, Colorado, USA.
37
Jee, W.W., Ha, S.G., 2007, Feasible Boulder treatment methods for soft ground shielded TBM, Proceedings of World Tunneling Congress 2007, Taylor $amp; Francis Group, London, 217-222.
38
Kang, Y.K., Choi, I.C., 2015, Economic Feasibility of Common Utility Tunnel based on Cost-Benefit Analysis, Journal of Korean Society of Safety. Vol. 30, No. 5, 29-36.
0.14346/JKOSOS.2015.30.5.29
39
KICT, 2010, TBM Technology Development for Mechanized and Automated Tunnel Construction, Research Report, Korea Institute of Construction Technology.
40
Kieffer, D.S., Leelasukseree, C., Mustoe, G.G.W., 2008, Disc cutter performance in boulder laden ground, Proceedings of North American Tunneling 2008, 129-136.
41
Kim, Y.K., 2017, Key issue and technical dilemma of selection of TBM type – EPB vs. Slurry, Magazine of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association, Vol. 19, No. 2, 39-51.
42
Kovari, K., Ramoni, M., 2006, Urban tunnelling in soft ground using TBMs, International Conference and Exhibition on Tunnelling and Trenchless Technology: Tunnelling and trenchless technology in the 21st century, Subang Jaya-Selangor, Malaysia, 17-31.
43
Lee, S.D., Jeong, H.Y, Jeon, S., 2012, Determination of rock abrasiveness using Cerchar abrasiveness test, Tunnel and Underground Space, Vol. 22, No. 4, 284-295.
10.7474/TUS.2012.22.4.284
44
Lee, K.H., Seo, H.J., Park, J.J., Park, J.H., Lee, I.M., 2016, A probabilistic assessment of ground condition prediction ahead of TBM tunnels combining each geophysical prediction method, J. of Korean Tunn Undergr Sp Assoc, 18(3), 257-272.
10.9711/KTAJ.2016.18.3.257
45
Li, S.C., Liu, B., Xu, X.J., Nie, L.C., Liu, Z.Y., Song, J., Sun, H.F., Chen, L., Fan, K.R., 2017, An overview of ahead geological prospecting in tunneling, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 63, 69-94.
10.1016/j.tust.2016.12.011
46
McFeat-Smith, I., 2016, TBM tunnelling in extreme geological conditions: from mixed ground conditions in Asia’s urban areas to challenges in the Himalayas, International Conference on Tunnel Boring Machines in Difficult Grounds (TBM DiGs 2016), Istanbul, Turkey.
47
Paltrinieri, E., Sandrone, F., Zhao, J., 2016, Analysis and estimation of gripper TBM performances in highly fractured and faulted rocks, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 52, 44-61.
10.1016/j.tust.2015.11.017
48
Poot, S., Boone, S.J., Westland, J., Pennington, B., 2000, Predicted Boulder Frequency Compared to Field Observations during Construction of Toronto’s Sheppard Subway, In: Proceedings of Tunneling Association of Canada 2000 Conference, 47-54.
49
Ringen, A., 2016, Compaction and Jet. Grouting, Breakthroughs in Tunneling Short Course, University of Colorado, September 14, Colorado, USA.
50
Sandell, T., 2017, Rondout West Branch Bypass Tunnel Advancements in Mechanized Excavation A TBM Boring in hard rock against high water pressure and high water inflows beneath the Hudson River in New York, Proceedings of ITA-AITES World Tunnel Congress 2013 (WTC 2013), Bergen, Norway.
51
Santi, P.M., 2006, Field Methods for Characterizing Weak Rock for Engineering, Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1-11.
10.2113/12.1.1
52
Shirlaw, J.N., 2015, Pressurized TBM Tunnelling in mixed face conditions resulting from tropical weathering of igneous Rock, International Conference on Tunnel Boring Machines in Difficult Grounds (TBM DiGs 2015), Singapore.
53
Shirlaw, J.N., 2016, Pressurised TBM tunnelling in mixed face conditions resulting from tropical weathering of igneous rock, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 57, pp. 225-240.
10.1016/j.tust.2016.01.018
54
Steingrimsson, J.H., Grøv, E., Nilsen, B., 2002, The significance of mixed-face conditions for TBM performance, World Tunnelling, 15, 435-441.
55
Terzaghi, K., 1950, Chapter 11: Geologic aspects of soft ground tunneling. Applied sedimentation. Wiley, New York.
56
Toth, A., Gong, Q.M, Zhao, J., 2013, Case studies of TBM tunneling performance in rock–soil interface mixed ground”, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 38, 140-150.
10.1016/j.tust.2013.06.001
57
Thewes, M., 2004, Schildvortrieb mit Flussigkeits-oder Erddruckstutzung in Bereichen mit Gemischter Ortsbrust aus Fels und Lockergestein, Geotechnik, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 214-219
58
Thewes, M., Hollmann, F., 2015, Clogging of TBMs in clay soils and clay-rich rock, International Conference on Tunnel Boring Machines in Difficult Grounds (TBM DiGs 2015), Singapore.
59
Tunnel Business Magazine, 2016, TBM Tunneling the Chengdu Metro, Benjamin Media, Inc. http://tunnelingonline.com/ tbm-tunneling-chengdu-metro/
60
Vergara, I.M., Saroglou, C., 2017, Prediction of TBM performance in mixed-face ground conditions, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 69, 116-124.
10.1016/j.tust.2017.06.015
61
Yagiz, S., 2006, TBM performance prediction based on rock properties”, Proceedings of Multiphysics Coupling and Long Term Behavior in Rock Mechanics, EUROCK, Vol. 6, 663-670.
10.1201/9781439833469.ch97
62
Yagiz, S., 2008, Utilizing rock mass properties for predicting TBM performance in hard rock condition, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 23, No. 3, 326-339.
10.1016/j.tust.2007.04.011
63
Yagiz, S., Karahan, H., 2011, Prediction of hard rock TBM penetration rate using particle swarm optimization, Rock Mechanics and Mining Science, Vol. 48, No. 3, 427-433.
10.1016/j.ijrmms.2011.02.013
64
Zarei, H.R, Sharifzadeh, M., Uromyehic, A., 2011, Gas ground risks and geological investigations for TBM tunneling in Iran, First Asian and 9th Iranian Tunneling symposium, Tehran, Iran.
65
Zhao, J., Gong, Q.M., 2006, Rock Mechanics and Excavation by Tunnel Boring Machine – issues and challenges, Proceedings of the ISRM International Symposium 2006 and the 4th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium, Singapore.
10.1142/9789812772411_0007
66
Zhao, J., Gong, Q.M., Eisensten, Z., 2007, Tunnelling through a frequently changing and mixed ground: A case history in Singapore, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 22, 388-400.
10.1016/j.tust.2006.10.002
67
Zhao, J., Gong, Q.M., 2015, TBM tunneling under adverse geological conditions – An overview, Keynote lecture, International Conference on Tunnel Boring Machines in Difficult Grounds (TBM DiGs 2015), Singapore.
68
Zhang, C.S., Liu, N., Chu, W.J., 2016, Key technologies and risk management of deep tunnel construction at Jinping II hydropower station, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 4, 499-512.
j.jrmge.2015.10.010
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국암반공학회
  • Journal Title :Tunnel and Underground Space
  • Journal Title(Ko) :터널과 지하공간
  • Volume : 28
  • No :1
  • Pages :1-24
  • Received Date : 2018-02-08
  • Revised Date : 2018-02-23
  • Accepted Date : 2018-02-23
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2018.28.1.001
Journal Informaiton Tunnel and Underground Space Tunnel and Underground Space
Online Submission
Archives
: Vol.27, 2017 ~
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close