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2025 Vol.35, Issue 5 Preview Page

Original Article

CO2 Injection Well Cement Integrity Analysis for Geological CO2 Storage

CO2 지중저장을 위한 CO2 주입공 시멘트 안전성 분석

Seokhee Jung1
,
Jongho Park2
,
Dae Sung Lee3*
정 석희1
,
박 종호2
,
이 대성3*
1Post Master’s Researcher, Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology
2CEO, Geomyeong E&C
3Professor, Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering, Dong-A University
1한국해양과학기술원 해양생명자원연구부 석사후연구원
2거명이엔씨 대표이사
3동아대학교 환경·에너지공학부 미래에너지공학전공 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 October 2025. pp. 630-639
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Abstract

This study investigates the integrity of cements used in deep injection wells for geological CO₂ storage by evaluating the mechanical and hydraulic properties of Portland cement and G-Class cement, as well as analyzing their fracturing behavior and injectivity under CO₂ exposure. To simulate marine geological storage conditions, cement specimens were prepared using seawater with varying water-to-cement ratios, supplemented with functional additives, and subsequently cured in seawater. Both Portland and G-Class cements exhibited increased density, uniaxial compressive strength, and Young’s modulus with lower water-to-cement ratios. While porosity values tended to be slightly higher in specimens with lower water-to-cement ratios regardless of cement type, G-Class cement consistently showed lower permeability, a key parameter influencing potential leakage pathways. To assess the potential fracturing and cracking of cement surrounding injection wells under deep reservoir CO₂ injection, CO₂ fracturing tests were conducted, revealing that G-Class cement exhibited higher CO₂ fracturing resistance compared to Portland cement. In addition, casing–reservoir simulation experiments were performed to analyze injection pressure variations and assess leakage risks along the wellbore. The findings indicate that G-Class cement, characterized by its lower permeability, higher CO₂ fracturing resistance, and stable injection pressure profile, is more suitable for ensuring wellbore cement integrity in CO₂ geological storage applications.

Keywords
CCS
CO2 injection well
Cement
Fracturing pressure
Injection pressure

본 연구는 CO2 지중저장을 위한 심부 주입공에 사용되는 시멘트 안전성 분석을 위해 포틀랜드 시멘트와 G-Class 시멘트를 이용하여 역학적 및 수리적 물성을 측정하고 CO2 주입에 따른 시멘트 파쇄 양상과 주입성을 분석하였다. 해양 CO2 지중저장을 고려하여 바닷물을 사용하여 물/시멘트 중량비를 달리한 시멘트에 기능성 첨가제를 첨가한 시멘트 시료를 제작하고 바닷물에 시멘트 시료를 양생하였다. 포틀랜드 시멘트 및 G-Class 시멘트 모두 물/시멘트 중량비가 낮을수록 밀도가 높아 일축압축강도 및 영률 값이 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 공극률의 경우 시멘트 종류에 상관없이 물/시멘트 중량비가 낮은 시료가 다소 높은 공극률 값을 보였으나 시멘트를 통한 누출 시 중요한 변수가 되는 투과도의 경우 중량비에 상관없이 G-Class 시멘트가 낮은 투과도 값을 보였다. 심부 저류층에 CO2 주입을 가정하여 주입 시 발생할 수 있는 주입공 주변 시멘트 파쇄 및 균열 발생 여부를 확인하기 위해 시멘트 CO2 파쇄 실험을 실시하였다. G-Class 시멘트가 포틀랜드 시멘트보다 높은 CO2 파쇄 압력을 보였다. 또한 CO2 주입공 주변부로의 누출 발생 여부를 확인하기 위해 CO2 주입공 케이싱 모사 시료와 저류층 모사 시료를 제작하여 CO2 주입 시 주입 압력 변화를 분석하였다. 이 연구 결과 G-Class 시멘트가 낮은 투과도, 높은 CO2 파쇄 압력, 주입압에 따른 안정적인 압력 변화 양상을 보여 CO2 지중저장을 위한 CO2 주입공 시멘트 안전성에 적합한 시멘트로 판단하였다.

키워드
CCS
CO2 주입공
시멘트
파쇄 압력
주입압
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국암반공학회
  • Journal Title :Tunnel and Underground Space
  • Journal Title(Ko) :터널과 지하공간
  • Volume : 35
  • No :5
  • Pages :630-639
  • Received Date : 2025-10-01
  • Revised Date : 2025-10-13
  • Accepted Date : 2025-10-17
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2025.35.5.630
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